COVID-19 vaccine recommendations in the U.S. have changed several times in recent years, and it’s understandable to feel confused about who should get vaccinated. Here’s a plain-language summary of where things stand for the 2026-2027 season, along with the key points that haven’t changed.
A note on changing guidance: U.S. federal vaccine recommendations have changed several times since 2025, and some changes have been challenged in court. In 2026, a federal court order kept earlier recommendations in place while the case continues. Medical groups such as the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) also publish their own recommendations. Because guidance may change, check with your doctor or pharmacist about what’s recommended for you.
Where federal guidance stands
In September 2026, the CDC published updated clinical considerations for 2026-2027 COVID-19 vaccines. Because of ongoing court proceedings over federal vaccine recommendations, the CDC kept the recommendations from its earlier 2025 schedules in place. Under that guidance:
- Adults 18 and older: a 2026-2027 COVID-19 vaccine is recommended.
- Children 6 months through 17 years who are moderately or severely immunocompromised: vaccination is recommended.
- Other children 6 months through 17 years: vaccination is based on a shared decision between the parent and a healthcare provider, with the strongest benefit for children at higher risk of severe illness.
The FDA has approved current COVID-19 vaccines primarily for adults 65 and older and for younger people with at least one condition that puts them at higher risk. Vaccinating people outside those groups may be considered “off-label,” which can affect access at some pharmacies and in some states. Check with your pharmacy or doctor about availability and coverage.
Who benefits most
Regardless of policy changes, the people most likely to benefit from COVID-19 vaccination are those at higher risk of severe illness:
- Adults 65 and older
- People with weakened immune systems
- People with chronic conditions such as heart disease, lung disease including asthma, diabetes, kidney disease or obesity
- Pregnant people (ACOG continues to recommend COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy)
- Residents of long-term care facilities
Learn more about protecting high-risk adults from COVID-19.
What vaccines are available?
Updated vaccines are made by Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech and Novavax. The right product and number of doses depend on your age, vaccination history and immune status. Your pharmacist or doctor can help you choose.
Side effects
Common side effects include a sore arm, tiredness, headache, muscle aches and sometimes fever, usually lasting a day or two. Rare but serious side effects, such as myocarditis (heart inflammation), have been reported, mostly in young males after mRNA vaccines. Talk with your doctor about benefits and risks for you.
What this means for you
If you’re 65 or older or have a high-risk condition, ask your doctor or pharmacist about getting an updated COVID-19 vaccine this season. If you’re younger and healthy, talk with your provider about whether it makes sense for you. Many people get their COVID-19 and flu vaccines at the same visit.
The bottom line
COVID-19 vaccine policy has been in flux, but vaccination remains most important for older adults and people at higher risk. Check current guidance with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
Common questions
How long does protection last?
Protection against severe illness is strongest in the months after vaccination and wanes over time, which is why updated vaccines are offered each season.
If I recently had COVID-19, should I still get vaccinated?
Many people can wait about 3 months after infection before getting vaccinated. Ask your provider about timing.
This article is for general information and isn’t medical advice. Talk with your healthcare provider about your individual needs.
